Dr. Craig A. Miller, Assistant Professor, History/Political Science
Recipient of 2013 President's Assessment Award
This assessment was completed for four sections of World Civilizations I, HIS 115 which fills a CUL requirement for many majors across campus, but it is an elective course which is taken by both under and upper class students. The course covers World History from the first human societies to roughly 1500 CE. The assessment had two modalities, both administered as pre and post tests to measure improvement over the course of the semester. The modalities were a multiple choice exam, and a written assessment based on an analysis of a primary source document.
Assessment through Multiple Choice exams
As part of the midterm and final exam, students had to answer ten multiple choice questions, based on content from class lectures, discussions and readings. The aim was to measure how students' comprehension of the course content changed over the course of the semester. After the midterm, I devoted an entire class to going over the multiple choice questions and answering questions about best practices for studying (how to organize class notes, how to approach reading the text, and strategies for retention of material). The aim of these tests is not memorization, however. I never ask students questions on names and dates, but rather on processes of historical change. Many of the questions ask students to identify the correct reason for a particular change in a particular society. For example:
Which of the following was NOT responsible for the emergence of Mesopotamian Civilization?
- Location near large flowing rivers
- The formation of city-states
- Trade
- The elimination of social classes
These questions were designed to evaluate not only content knowledge, but critical thinking skills as well. The aim was to assess the following outcomes:
- Understand processes of change in historical context
- Evaluate the influences of social institutions on civilization and history
- Identify key periods in history and explain their impact on civilizations and cultures.
The data suggest that student progress was achieved. One semester of data has been collected thus far, with another round in the Fall 2013 semester.
Assessment of Primary Source Documents
The second modality was a pre and post testing of document-based questions: questions about primary source documents. Students were given the pre-test the first week of class. I gave the students a selection from Confucius’s Analects, knowing that many students had probably never heard of Confucius, nor been exposed to this kind of source before. This was intentional as I wanted to establish a baseline from which to measure students’ progress. They were to read the document, and complete two tasks. First, they were to make a list of three questions that would need to be asked to fully understand the people who wrote it, the context in which the document was written, and the ideas expressed in the document. Second, they had to explain what reciprocity was, as described in the document, and explain how it differs from treating everyone equally.
To help students develop these skills, they were exposed to other primary source documents with questions provided for each throughout the course. Students worked on these document-based questions in small groups. In these groups, students had to read the documents, and each group had to answer the provided questions in writing. Each group shared its answers with the rest of the class, and had to also evaluate the questions they answered. Students had to explain why these questions were important: what kinds of information were the questions intended to discover? Why is this information important when trying to understand historical documents? Each of these assignments was turned in and graded with feedback from the instructor. To encourage participation, the points from these in-class assignments were used as extra credit points toward midterm and final grades.
As the semester progressed, students began working on documents with no questions attached, and were asked to read documents, in groups, and design and answer their own questions, and explain why they asked the questions they did. The groups shared their responses with the class, and each written assignment was graded with feedback from the instructor, and again the points were to be used as extra credit.
For the post-test, students were given the same document they had read for the pre-test, so that a comparative analysis of their progress could be measured.
Course Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course the student will be able to:
- Analyze written and visual information and apply the knowledge thereby acquired
- Apply the learning modes of analysis, synthesis, application, and evaluation
- Develop an understanding of major world cultures and civilizations, and a deeper appreciation for the diversity of the human condition as exhibited across space and time
Outcomes of the Assessments
Upon successful completion of this course the student will be able to:
- The pre and post testing of students is designed to measure both student progress and the effectiveness of in-class assignments designed by the instructor.
- Student progress was achieved, based on the criteria
- Consistent use of in-class assignments facilitated that progress
- Student-developed questions demonstrated improvements in critical thinking
Suggestions for adaptations to other courses
My aim in constructing these assessment instruments was to find ways to quantitatively measure strategies I was already using in the course, rather than trying to reinvent the wheel. I looked at some of the in-class activities I normally used, and designed assessment instruments around those activities, rather than vice versa. The multiple choice pre and post test was a relatively straightforward assessment, but did not capture the bulk of what I did in class. The document-based questions, which I use to both expose students more directly to the past, and to increase reading comprehension and critical analysis lent themselves well to a pre and post-test format. Instructors in other courses could try this with essay assignments, research papers, class presentations, or any graded activity that is used more than once in the course. the trick is to develop a rubric that measures progress quantitatively as well as qualitatively and to make sure to provide students direct feedback on the activities. I will be teaching another PD course on developing rubrics in between fall and spring semesters, and at the end of the spring 2014.