Humans have inhabited this area since the end of the last ice age (approximately 16,000 years ago). These Paleo-Indians were nomadic hunter-gatherers who lived in kinship-based bands ranging from twenty to several dozen individuals. They fashioned tools from stone, bone, and wood, but did not plant crops or build permanent dwellings. They lived in rock shelters, hunted turkey, deer, elk, and other prey.
Around 1000 BCE, the lives of humans in our area changed dramatically as they learned to cultivate crops. Agriculture made it possible to produce food surpluses, which in turn enabled population expansion, economic specialization, and sedentary and semi-sedentary communities. This Woodland Period lasted until 1500 CE.
Around this same time, the arrival of Europeans strained Indigenous communities and resources. Misunderstanding, greed, religion, ethnocentrism and an increasingly globalized world bore out one of the most tragic sagas in the history of the region and, over time, the continent. And yet, miraculously, this is also a story of persistence and survival as Indigenous peoples have, and continue to, shape the political, economic and cultural landscape. It is in recognition of this rich, tragic, and complicated history that we choose to provide this land acknowledgement.
Portions of this information are from Explore PA History.